Current Pacific models, Ngā tauira Moananui-a-Kiwa

There are established Pacific models used in career development, but there is not yet a single, universally recognised ‘Pacific Career Development Theory’ in the same way that Western career theories exist, for example, Holland, Super and Krumboltz.

However, several Pacific wellbeing, education and research frameworks have become widely accepted models for Pacific career development practice and are increasingly cited in careers, education and workforce development literature. There are also emerging approaches that blend Pacific worldviews with contemporary career theory.

These models were developed by Pacific scholars and are widely used across education, health, and community settings in Aotearoa. They provide culturally grounded ways to understand and support Pacific students.

A holistic wellbeing model shaped like a fale (house).

• ‘Aiga is the foundation.
• Culture is the roof.
• Wellbeing pillars include spiritual, mental, physical and social.

Used to explore a student’s whole context, strengths and support systems.

A framework based on making a garland or cultural necklace.

• Gather, weave, share and reflect

Used for co‑designing programmes with students, ‘aiga and communities.

A relational, open style of conversation or dialogue.

Used for career discussions that build trust, allow storytelling and explore aspirations.

A collective approach to weaving together different perspectives.

Used when working with ‘aiga, schools, tertiary providers and community leaders.

A vaka (canoe) model of holistic wellbeing.
Used to frame career journeys as shared navigation and collective support.

Pacific models for engagement

When working with Pacific students:

• build relationships (the Vā) before giving advice
• create space for storytelling and talanoa
• recognise the role of ‘aiga and community
• affirm cultural strengths and identity
• support pathways that reflect collective aspirations.
• use holistic models like Fonofale or Te Vaka Atafaga

Fonofale Model Pacific Health & Wellbeing - Ministry of Pacific Peoples.

Te Vaka Atafaga

Pacific‑centred career development helps students move forward with confidence, purpose and a strong cultural grounding.

Talanoa (conversation) starters

• “Tell me about your ‘aiga and the roles you hold.”
• “What does success look like for you and your ‘aiga?”
• “Who are the people that influence your decisions?”
• “What strengths do you bring from your culture or community?”

Reflective Questions 

• How do I engage meaningful talanoa about a learner’s future or aspiration?
• How do I build trust and connection before giving advice?
• How do I include ‘aiga in meaningful ways?
• Which cultural models am I using, and how?
• How do I ensure my practice is strengths-based and identity-affirming?
• What systemic barriers might this learner be navigating?

Activities

• Identity mapping eg, using fonofale
• Journey mapping eg, using vaka or fale metaphors
• Career planning resources eg, Career Malaga
• Talanoa circles for group exploration of aspirations

Programme Design Tips

• Co-design with students and ‘aiga eg, kakala, fa’afaletui.
• Embed cultural models in workshops and resources.
• Partner with Pacific providers and community groups.

• Career Malaga
• Pacific career resources

Author: Hana Seumanu, 2026